LuxDev works in 14 countries on four continents. The bulk of its activity is concentrated on the nine official partner countries of the Luxembourg ODA, as defined by the Government of the Grand Duchy. Apart from Africa (Cape Verde, Burkina Faso, Mali, Niger and Senegal) the Agency it is also active in Latin America (Nicaragua and El Salvador) and South-East Asia (Laos and Vietnam).

The ODA with these privileged partner countries is managed via an Indicative Cooperation Programme (ICP), which is adopted by the governments of Luxembourg and the respective partner countries. The ICP is a multi-annual programme which identifies key areas of development cooperation (sectors, geographic areas, modalities) and multi-year budgets allocated to development programmes. It shows the long term commitment that binds the Luxembourg Development Cooperation with its partner countries. In every partner country, the Agency is represented by a regional office which shares its premises with the official Luxembourg diplomatic missions.

Besides the privileged partner countries, Luxembourg Development Cooperation also operates in so-called project-countries in the Balkans (Montenegro and Kosovo), Asia (Mongolia and Myanmar) and Africa (Rwanda).